• Isotopic (radio-label):
  1. diagnostic:
     • in vivo: 
       1. labeled RBCs to determine RBC mass
       2. labeled albumin to determine plasma volume
       3. labeled vitamin B12 Schilling test for presence of intrinsic factor
       4. labeled urea (C¹²) to detect gastric presence of H. pylori
     • in vitro:
  2. therapeutic:
     • in vivo:
     • in vitro:
       1. I¹³¹ ablation of thyroid
       2. Bexxar: I¹³¹-labled CD20 ablation of CD20-positive lymphoma

• non-isotopic:

1. diagnostic:
   • in vivo
   • in vitro:
2. therapeutic:
   • in vivo:
   • in vitro:
     1. Herceptin attacks HER-2 positive breast cancer
     2. Rituxan: attacks CD20-positive lymphoma

Miscellaneous methods:

• RIA: radioimmunoassay
• EIA: enzyme immunoassay
• ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoassay (1970): a method to quantitate antigen; sample goes into tube coated with bound antibody which plucks the antigen out of the specimen; tube then washed and an enzyme-labeled antigen of the type as the test is determining is then added in excess so as to be plucked out by any coated antibodies left unbound....then tube washed and enzyme tag activated for detection. The amount of patient-specimen antigen is inversely proportional to the intensity of the enzyme-label reaction.
• IRMA: immunoradiometric assay
• MEIA: microparticle enzyme immunoassay
• IEMA: immunoenzymatic assay

Methodology Guide